有了 Jupyter、PyHamcrest，用一点测试的代码把它们连正在一同，你就能够教任何实用于单位测试的 Python 内容。
Python视频教程栏目为各人具体引见~
对于 Ruby 社区的一些事件不断让我印象粗浅，此中两个例子是对测试的承诺以及对易于上手的强调。这两方面最佳的例子是 Ruby Koans，正在这里你能够经过修复测试来学习 Ruby。
要是咱们能把这些神秘的对象也用于 Python，咱们应该能够做患上更好。是的，应用 Jupyter Notebook、PyHamcrest，再加之一点相似于胶带的粘合代码，咱们能够做出一个包罗教授教养、可工作的代码以及需求修复的代码的教程。
起首，需求一些“胶布”。通常，你会应用一些美丽的饬令行测试器来做测试，比方 pytest 或 virtue。通常，你乃至没有会间接运转它。你应用像 tox 或 nox 这样的对象来运转它。但是，关于 Jupyter 来讲，你需求写一小段粘合代码，能够间接正在此中运转测试。
侥幸的是，这个代码又短又简略：
import unittest
def run_test(klass):
suite = unittest.TestLoader().loadTestsFromTestCase(klass)
unittest.TextTestRunner(verbosity=2).run(suite)
return klass复制代码如今，配备曾经就绪，能够进行第一次操练了。
正在教授教养中，从一个简略的操练开端，建设信念老是一个好主见。
那末，让咱们来修复一个十分简略的测试：
@run_test
class TestNumbers(unittest.TestCase):
def test_equality(self):
expected_value = 3 # 只改这一行
self.assertEqual(1+1, expected_value)复制代码 test_equality (__main__.TestNumbers) ... FAIL
======================================================================
FAIL: test_equality (__main__.TestNumbers)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<ipython-input-7-5ebe25bc00f3>", line 6, in test_equality
self.assertEqual(1+1, expected_value)
AssertionError: 2 != 3
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 1 test in 0.002s
FAILED (failures=1)复制代码“只改这一行” 对先生来讲是一个有用的标志。它精确地标明了需求修正的内容。不然，先生能够经过将第一行改成 return 来修复测试。
正在这类状况下，修复很容易：
@run_test
class TestNumbers(unittest.TestCase):
def test_equality(self):
expected_value = 2 # 修复后的代码行
self.assertEqual(1+1, expected_value)复制代码 test_equality (__main__.TestNumbers) ... ok
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 1 test in 0.002s
OK复制代码但是，很快，unittest 库的原生断言将被证实是不敷的。正在 pytest 中，经过重写 assert 中的字节码来处理这个成绩，使其具备神秘的属性以及各类启示式办法。但这正在 Jupyter notebook 中就不易完成了。是时分挖出一个好的断言库了：PyHamcrest。
from hamcrest import *
@run_test
class TestList(unittest.TestCase):
def test_equality(self):
things = [1,
5, # 只改这一行
3]
assert_that(things, has_items(1, 2, 3))复制代码 test_equality (__main__.TestList) ... FAIL
======================================================================
FAIL: test_equality (__main__.TestList)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<ipython-input-11-96c91225ee7d>", line 8, in test_equality
assert_that(things, has_items(1, 2, 3))
AssertionError:
Expected: (a sequence containing <1> and a sequence containing <2> and a sequence containing <3>)
but: a sequence containing <2> was <[1, 5, 3]>
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 1 test in 0.004s
FAILED (failures=1)复制代码PyHamcrest 不只善于灵敏的断言，它还善于明晰的谬误信息。正由于如斯，成绩就不言而喻了。[1, 5, 3] 没有蕴含 2，并且看起来很丑：
@run_test
class TestList(unittest.TestCase):
def test_equality(self):
things = [1,
2, # 改完的行
3]
assert_that(things, has_items(1, 2, 3))复制代码 test_equality (__main__.TestList) ... ok
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 1 test in 0.001s
OK复制代码应用 Jupyter、PyHamcrest 以及一点测试的粘合代码，你能够传授任何实用于单位测试的 Python 主题。
例如，上面能够协助展现 Python 从字符串中去掉空缺的没有同办法之间的差别。
source_string = " hello world "
@run_test
class TestList(unittest.TestCase):
# 这是个赠品：它能够工作！
def test_complete_strip(self):
result = source_string.strip()
assert_that(result,
all_of(starts_with("hello"), ends_with("world")))
def test_start_strip(self):
result = source_string # 只改这一行
assert_that(result,
all_of(starts_with("hello"), ends_with("world ")))
def test_end_strip(self):
result = source_string # 只改这一行
assert_that(result,
all_of(starts_with(" hello"), ends_with("world")))复制代码 test_complete_strip (__main__.TestList) ... ok
test_end_strip (__main__.TestList) ... FAIL
test_start_strip (__main__.TestList) ... FAIL
======================================================================
FAIL: test_end_strip (__main__.TestList)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<ipython-input-16-3db7465bd5bf>", line 19, in test_end_strip
assert_that(result,
AssertionError:
Expected: (a string starting with ' hello' and a string ending with 'world')
but: a string ending with 'world' was ' hello world '
======================================================================
FAIL: test_start_strip (__main__.TestList)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<ipython-input-16-3db7465bd5bf>", line 14, in test_start_strip
assert_that(result,
AssertionError:
Expected: (a string starting with 'hello' and a string ending with 'world ')
but: a string starting with 'hello' was ' hello world '
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 3 tests in 0.006s
FAILED (failures=2)复制代码理想状况下，先生们会心识到 .lstrip() 以及 .rstrip() 这两个办法能够餍足他们的需求。但若他们没有这样做，而是试图四处应用 .strip() 的话：
source_string = " hello world "
@run_test
class TestList(unittest.TestCase):
# 这是个赠品：它能够工作！
def test_complete_strip(self):
result = source_string.strip()
assert_that(result,
all_of(starts_with("hello"), ends_with("world")))
def test_start_strip(self):
result = source_string.strip() # 改完的行
assert_that(result,
all_of(starts_with("hello"), ends_with("world ")))
def test_end_strip(self):
result = source_string.strip() # 改完的行
assert_that(result,
all_of(starts_with(" hello"), ends_with("world")))复制代码 test_complete_strip (__main__.TestList) ... ok
test_end_strip (__main__.TestList) ... FAIL
test_start_strip (__main__.TestList) ... FAIL
======================================================================
FAIL: test_end_strip (__main__.TestList)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<ipython-input-17-6f9cfa1a997f>", line 19, in test_end_strip
assert_that(result,
AssertionError:
Expected: (a string starting with ' hello' and a string ending with 'world')
but: a string starting with ' hello' was 'hello world'
======================================================================
FAIL: test_start_strip (__main__.TestList)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<ipython-input-17-6f9cfa1a997f>", line 14, in test_start_strip
assert_that(result,
AssertionError:
Expected: (a string starting with 'hello' and a string ending with 'world ')
but: a string ending with 'world ' was 'hello world'
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 3 tests in 0.007s
FAILED (failures=2)复制代码他们会失去一个没有同的谬误信息，显示去除了了过多的空缺：
source_string = " hello world "
@run_test
class TestList(unittest.TestCase):
# 这是个赠品：它能够工作！
def test_complete_strip(self):
result = source_string.strip()
assert_that(result,
all_of(starts_with("hello"), ends_with("world")))
def test_start_strip(self):
result = source_string.lstrip() # Fixed this line
assert_that(result,
all_of(starts_with("hello"), ends_with("world ")))
def test_end_strip(self):
result = source_string.rstrip() # Fixed this line
assert_that(result,
all_of(starts_with(" hello"), ends_with("world")))复制代码 test_complete_strip (__main__.TestList) ... ok
test_end_strip (__main__.TestList) ... ok
test_start_strip (__main__.TestList) ... ok
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 3 tests in 0.005s
OK复制代码正在一个比拟实在的教程中，会有更多的例子以及更多的诠释。这类应用 Jupyter Notebook 的技术，有的例子能够用，有的例子需求修改，能够用于及时教授教养，能够用于视频课，乃至，能够用更多的其它零星用处，让先生本人实现一个教程。
如今就去分享你的常识吧!
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